Steer by wire rotational travel stop

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure related to a travel stop assembly for preventing rotation, and undesired locking, of a shaft. The travel stop assembly may comprise a shaft that extends along an axis and is rotatable about the axis. A lead screw may extend along the axis and be operatively engaged, and rotatable, with the shaft about the axis. A nut may be in threaded engagement with the lead screw and axially movable along a length of the lead screw upon rotation of the lead screw. At least one stop pin may operatively engaged the lead screw and the at least one stop pin may extend from the lead screw perpendicularly relative to the axis. The stop pin may be positioned on the lead screw to stop rotation of the lead screw and the stop pin may prevent locking of the nut to the lead screw.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/962,467, filed on Jan. 17, 2020, and incorporated herein, in its entirety, by reference.

BACKGROUND

As vehicle technology advances, being employed more frequently are hand-wheel actuators (HWA) and road-wheel actuators (RWA) to control travel of a vehicle and to replace direct mechanical linkages between the steering wheel and tires of a vehicle. During travel of the vehicle, the HWA and RWA cooperate with one another, through electrical communication (e.g., wires, sensors, and a central processing unit), to directionally control travel of the vehicle. More specifically, sensed movement of the respective hand-wheel and/or tires is electrically communicated to the respective HWA or RWA to cause movement of the hand-wheel and/or tires. However, such advancement in vehicle technology, and the complexity in the same, present unique challenges. For example, direct mechanical linkage between the hand-wheel and tires limit rotation of the hand-wheel thereby preventing damage to components of the hand-wheel/steering column assembly. A hand-wheel coupled to a HWA, however, is subject to over-rotation as there is no mechanical linkage/component limiting rotation. In turn, components such as a clock spring, an air bag coil, etc., of the HWA are subject to damage due to over-rotation of the hand-wheel.

SUMMARY

This disclosure generally relates to a travel stop assembly for preventing rotation, and undesired locking, of a shaft.

In an aspect of the disclosed embodiments, the travel stop assembly may comprise a shaft that extends along an axis and is rotatable about the axis. A lead screw may extend along the axis and be operatively engaged, and rotatable, with the shaft about the axis. A nut may be in threaded engagement with the lead screw and axially movable along a length of the lead screw upon rotation of the lead screw. At least one stop pin may operatively engaged the lead screw and the at least one stop pin may extend from the lead screw perpendicularly relative to the axis. The stop pin may be positioned on the lead screw to stop rotation of the lead screw and the stop pin may prevent locking of the nut to the lead screw.

In another aspect of the disclosed embodiments, a travel stop assembly may comprise a shaft that extends along an axis and is rotatable about the axis. The travel stop housing may define a channel coaxial with the axis. A lead screw may extend along the axis and operatively engage, and rotate, with the shaft about the axis. The lead screw may also be at least partially disposed in the channel. A nut may be in threaded engagement with the lead screw and axially movable along a length of the lead screw upon rotation of the lead screw. The nut may be entirely disposed in the channel. A pair of stop pins may operatively engage and extend from, perpendicularly relative to the axis, the lead screw. The pair of stop pins may also be spaced from one another at opposite ends of the length. A pair of stop arms may extend in a direction parallel to the axis and engage a respective one of the stop pins to stop axial movement of the nut in an axial direction along the axis and rotation of the lead screw. The lead screw may define a plurality of external threads and the nut may define a plurality of internal threads. Moreover, the internal and external threads may define the threaded engagement between the nut and lead screw. The threads and the pins may be arranged to limit rotation of the lead screw a pre-determined a predetermined rotational angle of the lead screw, and the stop pins may prevent locking of the threads.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The subject matter of the present disclosure is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion of the specification. The foregoing and other features and advantages of the present disclosure are apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 depicts a perspective view of a travel stop assembly coupled to an assist housing.

FIG. 2 depicts a perspective view of the travel stop assembly, without a travel stop housing, coupled to the assist housing.

FIG. 3 depicts a side view of the travel stop assembly, without the travel stop housing, being inserted into a first opening of the assist housing.

FIG. 4 depicts a side view of a portion of a hand-wheel shaft and illustrating an assist portion and a lead screw.

FIG. 5 depicts a side view of a portion of the hand-wheel shaft with the travel stop assembly coupled to the lead screw.

FIG. 6 depicts a perspective view of the lead screw of the hand-wheel shaft with a pair of pins and a nut.

FIG. 7 depicts a perspective view of the lead screw of the hand-wheel shaft with the pair of pins and the nut, and illustrating a pair of rails of the travel stop housing in abutting contact with the nut.

FIG. 8 depicts an end view of travel stop assembly taken from an end of the hand-wheel shaft.

FIG. 9 depicts a side view of the lead screw of the hand-wheel shaft with the pair of pins and the nut, and illustrating the pin spacing and width of the nut.

FIGS. 10 and 11 depict an end view of the lead screw of the hand-wheel shaft with the pair of pins and the nut, and illustrating the pins positioned at various angular positions.

FIG. 12 depicts an embodiment of a travel stop assembly with a travel stop housing having a slot and a nut with a guide engaged with the slot.

FIG. 13 depicts an embodiment of a travel stop assembly with a nut.

FIG. 14 depicts an embodiment of a travel stop assembly with a thread sleeve coupled to a hand-wheel shaft.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring now to the figures, where the present disclosure will be described with reference to specific embodiments, without limiting the same, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely illustrative of the present disclosure that may be embodied in various and alternative forms. The figures are not necessarily to scale; some features may be exaggerated or minimized to show details of particular components. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present disclosure.

With reference to FIGS. 1 through 3, a travel stop assembly 20 is generally illustrated. The travel stop assembly 20 may comprise an assist assembly 22 and a hand-wheel shaft 26. The assist assembly 22 comprises a first channel 24 (see FIG. 2) which receives a hand-wheel shaft 26 (see FIGS. 3-5), and a second channel 25 disposed perpendicular to the first channel 24. The hand-wheel shaft 26 extends along an axis A and is rotatable about the axis A. The first channel 24 may be aligned coaxial with the axis A.

With reference to FIGS. 1, 4 and 5, a lead screw 28 extends along the axis A and operatively engages to be rotatable with the hand-wheel shaft 26 about the axis A. The lead screw 28 may operatively engage the hand-wheel shaft 26 by being integral with, or attached to, the hand-wheel shaft 26. The lead screw 28 may also be at least partially disposed in a first channel 24. The lead screw 28 defines external threads 27, an assist portion 30, and a driven gear portion 32.

A coupling 34 (see FIG. 3) may surround the assist portion 30 to rotatably connect, in the first channel 24, the hand-wheel shaft 26 to the assist assembly 22. When rotatably coupled to the assist assembly 22, the lead screw 28 extends outwardly from the first channel 24 and the assist assembly 22, and the toothed portion 32 is disposed in the first channel 24. A hand wheel (not illustrated) may couple to, and rotate with, an end 36 of the hand-wheel shaft 26 next to the lead screw 28.

The assist assembly 22 further has a first fastening portion 38 which defines an opening of the first channel 24, and a second fastening portion 40 which defines an opening of the second channel 25. The second fastening portion 40 couples to a hand-wheel actuator (not illustrated) where a drive gear (not illustrated) of the HWA is received by the second channel 40 and engages the driven gear portion 32 of the hand-wheel shaft 26. The HWA, through the drive gear, is configured to cause rotation of the hand-wheel shaft 24, and in turn a hand-wheel, in response to external forces which cause rotation of the hand-wheel and/or other components of a vehicle.

As best illustrated in FIGS. 2-3, 5-11, the travel stop assembly 20 comprises a pair of stop pins 42 coupled to the lead screw 28, and the stop pins 42 are spaced apart from each other along a length (L) of a lead screw 28. The stop pins 42 are each positioned on the lead screw 26 to stop rotation of lead screw 26 about axis A.

A travel stop housing 44 couples to, or is integral with, the first fastening portion 38, and defines a third channel 46 coaxially aligned with, and extending from, the first channel 24. Accordingly, the lead screw 28 may be at least partially disposed in the first or third channel 24, 46. With the travel stop housing 44 coupled to the first fastening portion 38, the lead screw 28 is disposed in the third channel 46. A plurality of four rails 48, or a pair of rails 48, protrude from the travel stop housing 44 and into the third channel 46.

As best illustrated in FIGS. 3, 5-11, a nut 50 is threaded to the lead screw 26, and the nut 50 may be entirely disposed in the channel. The nut 50 is threaded to the lead screw 26 such that the nut 50 may rotate about the lead screw 26. Moreover, when the nut 50 is prevented from rotating, the nut 50 may translate axial along the axis A. The nut 50 defines internal threads 56 that engage the external threads 27 of the lead screw 26 to facilitate the threaded relationship between the external threads 27 and the lead screw 26. Additionally, the internal threads 56 of the nut 50, the external threads 27 of the lead screw 27, and pins 42 are arranged to facilitate axial movement of the nut 40 in direct relationship to the rotation of the lead screw 26, and the length (L) between the stop pins 42.

As discussed above, when rotation of the nut 50 is prevented and as the lead screw 26 rotates, the nut translates along the axis A and along the length (L). In some embodiments, the nut 50 may be operatively engaged with the travel stop housing 44 such that the travel stop housing 44 prevents rotations of the nut 50. In some embodiments, the rails 48 operatively engage an inner surface 47 of the travel stop housing 44 and are arranged to receive and prevent rotations of the nut 50. In some embodiments, the nut 50 has a lower protrusion 58 that engages one of the pairs of rails 48 to prevent rotation of the nut 50. The nut 50 may also have an upper protrusion 51 opposing the lower protrusion 52 which may also engage a pair of rails 48 to prevent rotation of the nut 50.

In some embodiments, the nut 50 and the upper protrusion 51 may be of a plastic material. In such embodiments, the upper protrusion 51 operatively engages one of the pairs of rails 48 to prevent rotation of the nut 50 and to facilitate axial movement of the nut 50 along the length (L). The stop arms 52 may be coupled to the upper protrusion 51, and the stop arms 52 may be disposed on opposite sides of and extend from, in opposing axial directions, the upper protrusion 51.

In some embodiments, such as the embodiments illustrated in FIG. 12, a guide protrusion 164 may extend from the nut 50 and is perpendicular to the axis A when the nut 50 is threaded to the lead screw 28. In some embodiments, such as the one illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14, an arm bar 180 extends between ends 182, 184 and the stop arms 186. More specifically, the arm bar 180 couples between the stop arms 186 and the stop arms 186 are disposed at and coupled to a respective end 182, 184 and the stop arms 186 extend perpendicularly, in opposing directions, from the arm bar 180. In some embodiments, the arm bar 180 and the stop arms 186 may be of a different material, such as metal, whereas the nut 50 and the upper protrusion 51 may be of a plastic material. In this embodiments, the upper protrusion 51 defines a slot 188 and the arm bar 180 is disposed in and operatively engaged with the slot 188 such that the stop arms 186 are disposed on opposite sides of and extend, in opposing axial directions, from the upper protrusion 51. In this embodiment, a sleeve 190 is operatively engaged with a periphery of the shaft 126 and the sleeve 190 defines the plurality of external threads 27 to establish the lead screw 192. In some embodiments, the sleeve 190 may also be of a plastic material. With the sleeve 190 and nut 50 being of a plastic material, the plastic material may dampen forces being applied to the sleeve 190 and/or 50 when the stop arms 186 engage the stop pins 42.

When in threaded engagement with the lead screw 28, the nut 50 is disposed in the third channel 46 and is positioned between the stop pins 42. Moreover, the nut 50 is received by, and in abutting contact with, the rails 48. The nut 50 further has a pair of stop arms 52 positioned opposite one another, and extending in a direction parallel to the axis and each stop arm 52 is configured to engage a respective stop pin 42 to stop axial movement of the nut 50 in an axial direction along the axis A and to prevent rotation of the lead screw 28. The nut 50 may have only one arm 52, two arms, or any number of arms.

In some embodiments, and as illustrated in FIG. 12, a travel stop housing 160 may define a housing slot 162 for receiving a guide protrusion 164 of the nut 166. The guide protrusion 164 may operatively engage the slot 162 to facilitate axial movement of the nut along the length (L) by preventing rotation of the nut 50. The slot may have any number of lengths.

In operation, when the hand-wheel shaft 26 is rotated by the HWA or by rotation of the steering wheel, the rotation is limited by the travel stop assembly 20. More specifically, rotation of the hand-wheel shaft 26, and in turn the lead screw 28, causes the male threads to engage the female threads, which causes the nut 50 to engage the rails 48 and to translate linearly within the third channel 46. After pre-determined rotation of the hand-wheel shaft 26 in a first direction, the translation of the nut 50 causes one of the stop arms 52 to engage one of the stop pins 42 to stop, or prevent, further rotation of the hand-wheel shaft 26 in the first direction. The engagement between the nut 50 and the stop pins 42 provides a “hard stop” to rotation of the hand-wheel shaft 26, and in turn the hand wheel. However, the hand-wheel shaft 26 is free to rotate in a second direction opposite the first direction.

The travel stop assembly 20 of the present disclosure is advantageous over the prior art as it provides a cost effective, and modifiable, travel stop assembly. More specifically, and with reference to FIGS. 9-11, the threaded engagement, i.e., size and spacing of the male and female threads, spacing and position of the stop pins 42, and the width of the nut 50, may be configured to provide precise translation of the nut 50 in relationship to rotational limits of the hand-wheel shaft 26, and in turn the hand wheel, to provide the “hard stop.”

In one example, based on a specific customer's specifications, and with reference to FIG. 9, the spacing of the stop pins 42 can be adjusted. Advantageously, with the spacing of the stop pins 42 being adjustable, the hand-wheel shaft 26, nut 50, and the traveling stop housing 44 do not need to be changed, which simplifies the manufacture, in a cost effective manner, various embodiments of the travel stop assembly 20 to meet diverse customer demands. In another example, and with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11, the angular position, relative to an axis of rotation of the hand-wheel shaft 26, of the stop pins 42 may be adjusted to achieve the same results, and achieve a 12 o'clock start and stop position of the hand-wheel shaft 26 and/or hand-wheel. In yet another example, the width of the nut 50 may be adjusted to achieve the same results as above.

The disclosed travel stop assembly 20 is advantageous as the tolerance and dimensions of one or more of its elements may be adjusted to prevent “early” or “late” contact, or other undesired contact, between the nut 50 and stop pins 42. Further, the disclosed travel stop assembly 20 provides NVH benefits by at least reducing the number of elements moving relative to one another. Of course, one of skill in the art will appreciate the many other benefits of the present disclosure.

While the present disclosure has been described in detail in connection with only a limited number of embodiments, it should be readily understood that the present disclosure is not limited to such disclosed embodiments. Rather, the present disclosure can be modified to incorporate any number of variations, alterations, substitutions or equivalent arrangements not heretofore described, but which are commensurate in scope with the present disclosure. Additionally, while various embodiments of the present disclosure have been described, it is to be understood that aspects of the present disclosure may include only some of the described embodiments or combinations of the various embodiments. Accordingly, the present disclosure is not to be seen as limited by the foregoing description. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A travel stop assembly comprising: a shaft extending along an axis and being rotatable about the axis; a lead screw extending along the axis and operatively engaged, and rotatable, with the shaft about the axis; a nut in threaded engagement with the lead screw and axially movable along a length of the lead screw upon rotation of the lead screw; at least one stop pin operatively engaged with the lead screw, the at least one stop pin extending perpendicularly relative to the axis from the lead screw; at least one stop arm extending from the nut in a direction parallel to the axis and engaging the stop pin to stop axial movement of the nut, and rotation of lead screw; and the stop pin positioned on the lead screw to stop rotation of the lead screw, the stop pin preventing locking of the nut to the lead screw.
 2. The assembly of claim 1, further comprising a travel stop housing defining a channel coaxial with the axis, the lead screw at least partially disposed in the channel, and the nut being entirely disposed in the channel.
 3. The assembly of claim 2, wherein a plurality of external threads are disposed on the lead screw and the nut defines a plurality of internal threads, wherein the internal and external threads facilitate the threaded engagement of the nut to the lead screw, and the threads and the at least one stop pin are arranged to limit the axial movement of the nut and rotation of the lead screw to a predetermined axial distance of the nut and a predetermined rotational angle of the lead screw.
 4. The assembly of claim 3, wherein a sleeve is operatively engaged with the periphery of the shaft, and the sleeve defines the plurality of external threads to define the lead screw.
 5. The assembly of claim 3, wherein the at least one stop arm comprises a pair of stop arms disposed opposite one another, the stop arms extending from the nut in opposing axial directions.
 6. The assembly of claim 5, wherein the travel stop housing has an inner surface defining the channel and pairs of rails operatively engaged with the inner surface and are arranged to receive and prevent rotation of the nut to facilitate axial movement of the nut along the length.
 7. The assembly of claim 6, wherein the nut has a lower protrusion that engages one of the pairs of rails to prevent rotation, and facilitate axial movement, of the nut when the shaft rotates the lead screw about the axis.
 8. The assembly of claim 7, wherein the nut has an upper protrusion opposing the lower protrusion, and the upper protrusion operatively engages another one of the pairs of rails to prevent rotation, and facilitate axial movement of the nut when the shaft rotates the lead screw about the axis.
 9. The assembly of claim 8, wherein the stop arms couple to the upper protrusion, and the stop arms are disposed on opposite sides of and extend from, in opposing axial directions, the upper protrusion.
 10. The assembly of claim 5, further comprising: a guide protrusion extending from the nut and perpendicular to the axis; the travel stop housing defining a housing slot, and a portion of the guide protrusion operatively engages the slot to facilitate axial movement of the nut along the length by preventing rotation of the nut when the shaft rotates the lead screw about the axis.
 11. The assembly of claim 10, wherein the stop arms couple to the guide protrusion, and the stop arms are disposed on opposite sides of and extend from, in opposing axial directions, the guide protrusion.
 12. The assembly of claim 8, further comprising an arm bar extending between ends, and the stop arms are disposed at, and couple to, respective ends of the arm bar, and the stop arms extend perpendicularly in opposing directions from the arm bar.
 13. The assembly of claim 12, wherein the upper protrusion defines a slot and the arm bar is disposed in, and operatively engaged with, the slot such that the stop arms are disposed on opposite sides of and extend, in opposing axial directions, from the upper protrusion.
 14. The assembly of claim 13, wherein the stop arms engage the another one of the pairs of rails to facilitate the operative engagement of the upper protrusion with the another one of the pairs of rails.
 15. A travel stop assembly comprising: a shaft extending along an axis and being rotatable about the axis; a travel stop housing defining a channel coaxial with the axis; a lead screw extending along the axis and operatively engaged, and rotatable, with the shaft about the axis, and the lead screw being at least partially disposed in the channel; a nut in threaded engagement with the lead screw and axially movable along a length of the lead screw upon rotation of the lead screw, and the nut being entirely disposed in the channel; a pair of stop pins operatively engaging and extending from, perpendicularly relative to the axis, the lead screw, and the pair of stop pins are spaced from one another at opposite ends of the length; a pair of stop arms extending in a direction parallel to the axis and engaging a respective one of the stop pins to stop axial movement of the nut in an axial direction along the axis and rotation of the lead screw; the lead screw defines a plurality of external threads and the nut defines a plurality of internal threads, wherein the internal and external threads defines the threaded engagement between the nut and lead screw; and wherein the threads and the pins are arranged to limit rotation of the lead screw to a predetermined axial distance of the nut and a predetermined rotational angle of the lead screw, and the stop pins prevent locking of the threads.
 16. The assembly of claim 15, wherein the travel stop housing operatively engages the nut to receive and facilitate axial movement of the nut along the length by preventing rotation of the nut when the shaft rotates the lead screw about the axis.
 17. The assembly of claim 16, wherein the nut has an upper protrusion and the travel stop housing a pair of rails, and the upper protrusions is received by and operatively engage the pair of rails.
 18. The assembly of claim 17, wherein the stop arms couple to the upper protrusion, and the stop arms are disposed on opposite sides of and extend from, in opposing axial directions, the upper protrusion.
 19. The assembly of claim 16 further comprising: a guide protrusion extending from the nut and perpendicular to the axis; the travel stop housing defines a housing slot, and a portion of the guide protrusion operatively engaging the slot to facilitate axial movement of the nut along the length by preventing rotation of the nut when the shaft rotates the lead screw about the axis; and the stop arms coupled to the guide protrusion and the stop arms are disposed on opposite sides of and extend from, in opposing axial directions, the guide protrusion.
 20. The assembly of claim 17, further comprising: an arm bar extending between ends and the stop arms being disposed at and coupled to a respective end and the stop arms extend perpendicularly, in opposing directions, from the arm bar; and the upper protrusion defines a slot and the arm bar is disposed in and operatively engaged with the slot such that the stop arms are disposed on opposite sides of and extend, in opposing axial directions, from the upper protrusion. 